Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in US patients with neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase–positive solid tumors

October 13, 2025

Su, I, Flores Avile C, Huang P, et al. ESMO. 2025.

Overview

Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK+) gene fusions are rare but important oncogenic fusions found across many types of solid tumors. This study used the US-based deidentified Flatiron Health–Foundation Medicine solid tumor and pantumor Clinico-Genomic databases to examine 159 patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK+ solid tumors diagnosed from 2011 to 2024.

The study included 159 patients, most commonly with colorectal, non-small cell lung, or breast cancer. Chemotherapy was prevalent in the first two lines of treatment, while immunotherapies gained prominence in later lines. Notably, only 24% of patients received TRK inhibitors, with their use primarily in late-line settings.

Why this matters

As targeted therapies continue to evolve, understanding real-world treatment patterns is crucial for improving clinical decision-making. This research highlights the limited use of TRK inhibitors in earlier treatment lines, possibly due to the timing of testing and drug approvals. The findings underscore a significant unmet need, as over half of the patients treated with TRK inhibitors and first-line therapies required further treatment, often with poor outcomes. These insights can guide future research and treatment strategies, ultimately aiming to enhance care for patients with NTRK+ cancers.